The transport and logistics sector is undergoing a seismic shift driven by automation, with technologies like autonomous vehicles, AI-driven supply chains, and IoT-enabled tracking revolutionising efficiency. However, this digital transformation introduces complex cybersecurity challenges that threaten operational integrity, safety and data privacy. As the industry accelerates toward automation, safeguarding these systems becomes paramount.

Automation’s Footprint in Transport and Logistics 

1. Autonomous vehicles and drones: Self-driving trucks and delivery drones rely on real-time data and connectivity, making them vulnerable to hijacking or spoofing attacks.  
2. Smart warehouses: Robotics and automated inventory systems depend on interconnected networks, where a single breach could halt operations.  
3. IoT and Telematics: Sensors tracking shipments create vast data streams, often transmitted over unsecured networks.  
4. AI/ML optimisation: Algorithms managing routes and demand forecasting are targets for data poisoning, leading to costly disruptions.

Cybersecurity Challenges Unveiled 

• Physical layer risks: Autonomous vehicles face threats like GPS spoofing, potentially redirecting cargo. In 2021, a ransomware attack paralyzed a major logistics firm, halting automated fleets.  
• Network vulnerabilities: IoT devices, often with weak encryption, serve as entry points. A 2022 study revealed 40% of shipping IoT devices lacked basic security protocols.  
• Data integrity concerns: AI models fed corrupted data could misroute shipments, as seen in a 2023 incident where hackers altered delivery schedules, causing $2-million in losses.  
• Supply chain exposure: Third-party vendors integrating automation tools may introduce vulnerabilities, emphasizing the need for rigorous vendor assessments.

Strategies for Cyber-Resilient Automation

1. Layered defense mechanisms: Implement zero-trust architectures, ensuring strict access controls and continuous monitoring of automated systems.  
2. Advanced encryption and blockchain: Secure data in transit with quantum-resistant encryption and adopt blockchain for tamper-proof logistics records.  
3. AI-Powered threat detection: Deploy machine learning to identify anomalies in real-time, such as unexpected route deviations or data spikes.  
4. Regulatory compliance: Adhere to frameworks like ISO 27001 and NIST guidelines, which now address OT (Operational Technology) convergence with IT.  
5. Human-centric Training: Regular drills to combat phishing, targeting employees managing automated systems.

Future Horizons and Conclusion 

Emerging trends like 5G and digital twins will further integrate automation, necessitating proactive cybersecurity measures. Quantum computing looms as a double-edged sword, promising breakthroughs but threatening current encryption. The industry must prioritise collaboration, innovation and agile policies to stay ahead of threats. As transport and logistics evolve, cybersecurity isn’t just a safeguard—it’s the backbone of sustainable automation.

By addressing these challenges head-on, the sector can harness automation’s potential while ensuring a secure, resilient future. The journey toward smart logistics must be paved with vigilance, innovation and unwavering commitment to cybersecurity.

Written by Andy Mashaile, a Security Strategist and EXCO Member of ICSIC, Ret. Interpol Ambassador and Cyber Security Advisor

Mashaile will be a panelist in Transport Evolution Africa's upcoming webinar on Leveraging automation in transport and logistics, taking place on April 1, 2025 at 2 PM. Register to attend the webinar here.